| Vulcan | English | Description | Category |
|---|---|---|---|
| (bosh)khaf-masu | blood plasma | the pale yellow or gray-yellow, protein-containing fluid portion of the blood in which the blood cells and platelets are normally suspended | body part |
| (nalatra-)heshan | plica | a fold or ridge, as of skin, membrane, or shell | body part |
| (nen-)nala-tukh | cytoplasm | the protoplasm outside the nucleus of a cell | body part |
| (rivikantau-)yu-mur | ovum | the female reproductive cell or gamete of animals; egg | body part |
| (tvi-)hinek-teraya | endoskeleton | internal body framework of the body | body part |
| a'dle'ad | breast | either of two milk-secreting, glandular organs on the chest of a woman; the human mammary gland (Marketa) | body part |
| abru-ahs(-hinek) | maxilla | either of a pair of bones of the human skull fusing in the midline and forming the upper jaw | body part |
| abru-kapol-nafek | adrenal gland | either of two small, dissimilarly shaped endocrine glands, one located above each kidney which secretes epinephrine | body part |
| abru-kar-hinek | humerus | the long bone of the arm or forelimb, extending from the shoulder to the elbow | body part |
| abru-mal | thigh | the portion of the human leg between the hip and the knee | body part |
| abru-mal-hinek | femur | thigh bone; largest and strongest bone of the body; extends from hip to knee | body part |
| abru-nalatra | erectile tissue | tissue that when filled with blood, causes a penis to become erect | body part |
| abru-pla'dor-hinek | thoracic vertebra | one of 12 vertebrae in the human vertebral column; thoracic vertebrae extend from the seventh cervical vertebra down to the first lumbar vertebra | body part |
| abrun-dvunek | erector | erector (anat.) | body part |
| ahs | jaw | either of two bony or cartilaginous structures that in most vertebrates form the framework of the mouth and hold the teeth | body part |
| ak | eye | eye [body part] | body part |
| ak'shem | body | the entire material or physical structure of an organism, especially of a human or animal; the physical part of a person; the trunk or torso of a human or animal | body part |
| aluk-hinek | fishbone | the bones of a fish | body part |
| ash'ya | foot | foot [body part] (anc.) | body part |
| ashenek | levator | one of several muscles whose action is to raise the part to which it inserts | body part |
| ausachya | fur | the thick coat of soft hair covering the skin of a mammal (noun) | body part |
| ausham | venom | a poisonous secretion of an animal, such as a snake, spider, or scorpion, usually transmitted by a bite or sting | body part |
| bak | rib | one of a series of long curved bones occurring in 12 pairs in humanoids and extending from the spine to or toward the sternum | body part |
| bezhun | eye | eye [body part] (VLI) | body part |
| bezhun | eye | the organ of vision in animals (noun) | body part |
| bezhun(-kal) | eyeball | eyeball [body part] | body part |
| bezhun(-kal) | eyeball | the organ of vision in animals (noun) | body part |
| bezhun-dvun-wel | oculomotor nerve | either of the third pair of cranial nerves, which originate in the midbrain and control most of the muscles that move the eyeballs | body part |
| bezhun-isach | eyelash | one of the stiff, curved hairs growing from the edge of the eyelids | body part |
| bezhun-masu | tear(s) | a profusion of this clear, salty liquid spilling from the eyes and wetting the cheeks, especially as an expression of emotion | body part |
| bezhun-masu-mev | lacrimal duct | any of several small ducts that carry tears from the lacrimal glands | body part |
| bezhun-masu-mev | tear duct | any of several small ducts that carry tears from the lacrimal glands of the eyes | body part |
| bezhun-masu-pi'nafek | lacrimal gland | any of the glands in the eyes that secrete tears | body part |
| bezhun-masu-thek | teardrop | a single tear; a tear-shaped object | body part |
| bezhun-pi'fek | eyestalk | a stalk or peduncle that has an eye at its tip, as in lobsters and crabs | body part |
| bezhun-ripa'shaya | cataract | filmy coating covering the lense, imparing vision | body part |
| bezhun-task-dvunek | extraocular muscle | a muscle that is outside of the eye | body part |
| bezhun-wadi | cornea | transparent anterior portion of the outer covering of the eye; it covers the lens and iris and is continuous with the sclera | body part |
| bezhun-wan | sclera | the tough white fibrous outer envelope of tissue covering all of the eyeball except the cornea; the whites of your eyes | body part |
| bezhun-wein-pi'nafek | tarsal gland | any of the branched sebaceous glands located in the tarsus of the eyelid | body part |
| bezhun-zehl | eyebrow | the bony ridge over the eyes; the arch of small hairs growing on this ridge | body part |
| bosh-khaf-masu | plasma (blood) | the clear, yellowish fluid portion of blood, lymph, or intramuscular fluid in which cells are suspended | body part |
| bru | lip | either of two fleshy folds that surround the opening of the mouth; a structure or part that encircles or bounds an orifice | body part |
| bru-lar | lips | the two fleshy folds that surround the opening of the mouth | body part |
| coi'a | buttock | either of the two rounded prominences on the human torso that are posterior to the hips and formed by the gluteal muscles and underlying structures (Marketa) | body part |
| da-kuvau-torektra | circulatory system | the organs and tissues involved in circulating blood and lymph through the body | body part |
| dafel | pelvis | a basin-shaped structure composed of the innominate bones, the pubist, and the sacrum and coccyx that rests on the lower limbs | body part |
| dah-sfek- | bicuspid | having two points or cusps, as the crescent moon (adjective) | body part |
| dah-sfekik | bicuspid | a bicuspid tooth, especially a premolar (tooth) | body part |
| dahr-ozh | ring finger | the third finger of the left hand | body part |
| dau-tukh t'guv-nafek | gonadotropin | hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and placenta; stimulates the gonads and controls reproductive activity | body part |
| dau-tukh-pi'nafek | pituitary gland | a small oval gland attached to the base of the vertebrate brain which control the other endocrine glands, influence growth, metabolism, and maturation | body part |
| dok-temok-shidik | muriform | resembling courses of bricks or stones in squareness and regular arrangement; as, a muriform variety of cellular tissue | body part |
| dol-hinek | clavicle | collar bone; the bone linking the scapula and sternum | body part |
| drahk | throat | the passage to the stomach and lungs; in the front part of the neck below the chin and above the collarbone | body part |
| drahk | pharynx | the section of the alimentary canal that extends from the mouth and nasal cavities to the larynx, where it becomes continuous with the esophagus | body part |
| drahk-pi-nafek | thyroid gland | a ductless gland in base of neck: an endocrine gland located in the neck of human beings and other vertebrate animals that secretes the hormones responsible for controlling metabolism and growth | body part |
| dukal-guf-iesek | ball and socket joint | an articulation (as the hip joint) in which the rounded head of one bone fits into a cuplike cavity of the other and admits movement in any direction | body part |
| dvunek | muscle | a contractile organ consisting of a special bundle of muscle tissue, which moves a particular bone, part, or substance of the body | body part |
| dvunek-esh-meil | myoglobin | a hemoprotein that receives oxygen from hemoglobin and stores it in the tissues until needed; has a higher affinity for oxygen than hemoglobin | body part |
| dvunek-tash-svitan | cerebellum | cerebellum; part of the brain | body part |
| dvunek-tersayek | sinew | a tendon | body part |
| dvunek-tersayek | tendon | a band of tough, inelastic fibrous tissue that connects a muscle with its bony attachment | body part |
| dvunel-pi'harr | flagellum | A long, threadlike appendage; whiplike extension of certain cells used for locomotion; a whip | body part |
| e'ksedj | chest | chest/thorax upper trunk [body part] | body part |
| ek'isachya | pelage | the coat of a mammal, consisting of hair, fur, wool, or other soft covering, as distinct from bare skin | body part |
| ek'khaf | whole blood | blood drawn from the body from which no constituent, such as plasma or platelets, has been removed | body part |
| ek'ur | tract | a system of organs and tissues that together perform a specialized function; a bundle of nerve fibers having a common origin, termination, and function | body part |
| ek'wadi-torektra | integumentary system | the bodily system consisting of the skin and its associated structures, such as the hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands | body part |
| ek-nala-dahsau-magu | mitotic spindle | a structure involved in mitosis and meiosis consisting of a bundle of microtubules joined at the ends but spread out in the middle | body part |
| eklakalu-sash | pantothenic acid | a yellow oily acid, C9H17NO5, belonging to and found widely in plant and animal tissues | body part |
| el'ru | hand | the terminal part of the human arm located below the forearm, used for grasping and holding | body part |
| el-lesek | synovial joint | a joint so articulated as to move freely | body part |
| el-nala | corpuscle | either of two types of cells (erythrocytes and leukocytes) and sometimes including platelets; blood cell | body part |
| esh-dvunek | diaphram | a tissue of muscle separating the thorax and abdomen of mammals | body part |
| esh-dvunek-wel | phrenic nerve | one of a pair of nerves that arises from cervical spinal roots and passes down the thorax to innervate the diaphragm and control breathing | body part |
| esh-mev | airway | the trachea, or windpipe; a tube extending from the larynx to the bronchi in mammals (medicine) | body part |
| esh-mev | trachea | a thin-walled, cartilaginous tube descending from the larynx to the bronchi and carrying air to the lungs | body part |
| esh-nala | alveolus | a tiny, thin-walled, capillary-rich sac in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place | body part |
| esh-prash | phlegm | thick, sticky, stringy mucus secreted by the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, as during a cold or other respiratory infection | body part |
| esh-sa'haf | lung | either of two spongy, saclike respiratory organs in most vertebrates, occupying the chest cavity and providing oxygen to the blood(TGV dialect of VLI) | body part |
| eshaf | lung | either of two spongy, saclike respiratory organs in most vertebrates, occupying the chest cavity and providing oxygen to the blood(MGV dialect of VLI) | body part |
| eshaf-mevik | bronchial | of or relating to the bronchi, the bronchia, or the bronchioles (adjective) | body part |
| eshik sa-khaf-mev | pulmonary vein | the vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart | body part |
| eshik vi-khaf-mev | pulmonary artery | the artery that carries venous blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs | body part |
| fa-krus | forepart | the first or early part of a period of time; the anterior part, as of an object or organism | body part |
| fa-mal | foreleg | either of the front legs of a quadruped | body part |
| fa-patam | forehead | the part of the face between the eyebrows, the normal hairline, and the temples | body part |
| fa-shad | forebrain | the most anterior of the 3 primary regions of the embryonic brain | body part |
| felu | nail | the thin, horny, transparent plate covering the upper surface of the end of a finger or toe | body part |
| felu | unguis | a nail, claw, or hoof | body part |
| felu-nen-wadi | cuticle | the outer layer of the skin covering the exterior body surface of vertebrates (nail) | body part |
| fenul | raphe | a seamlike line or ridge between two similar parts of a body organ, as in the scrotum | body part |
| fenul | suture (seam) | a seamlike joint or line of articulation, such as the line of dehiscence in a dry fruit or the spiral seam marking the junction of whorls of a gastropod shell | body part |
| feshek | abdomen | the part of the body that lies between the thorax and the pelvis and encloses the stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, and pancreas (VLI) | body part |
| feshek-nalatra-tin | peritoneum | the serous membrane that lines the walls of the abdominal cavity and folds inward to enclose the viscera | body part |
| flutash | placenta | a membranous vascular organ that lines the uterine wall and partially enveloping the fetus, to which it is attached by the umbilical cord (anc.) | body part |
| fnish-kash-ral | olfaction | the sense of smell; the act or process of smelling | body part |
| fnish-svitan | olfactory center | the center that deals with the sense of smell | body part |
| fnish-wel | olfactory nerve | either of the first pair of cranial nerves that conduct impulses from the mucous membranes of the nose to the olfactory bulb | body part |
| fo | shell | the usually hard outer covering that encases certain organisms, such as mollusks, insects, and turtles; the carapace | body part |
| fosh-galutravek | antibody | any of a large variety of immunoglobulins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes | body part |
| fu-pla'hinek-zehl | notochord | a flexible rodlike structure that forms the main support of the body in the lowest chordates, such as the lancelet; a primitive backbone | body part |
| gaf | hip | the laterally projecting prominence of the pelvis or pelvic region from the waist to the thigh; the hip joint | body part |
| gakh | wart | a hard rough lump growing on the skin, caused by infection with certain viruses and occurring typically on the hands or feet | body part |
| gaks'koi | cells | the smallest basic unit of a plant or animal | body part |
| galutravek | molecule | the smallest particle of a substance that retains the chemical and physical properties of the substance and is composed of two or more atoms | body part |
| gas-bezhun | oculus dexter (OD) | the right eye | body part |
| gelek | lens | a transparent, biconvex body of the eye between the iris and the vitreous humor that focuses light rays | body part |
| glan-nalatra-tin | retina | a delicate, multilayered, light-sensitive membrane lining the inner eyeball and connected by the optic nerve to the brain | body part |
| glan-sharu | pupil | the apparently black circular opening in the center of the iris of the eye, through which light passes to the retina | body part |
| glan-wel | optic nerve | either of the second pair of cranial nerves that arise from the retina and carry visual information to the thalamus and other parts of the brain | body part |
| gnal | tumor | an abnormal growth of tissue resulting from uncontrolled, progressive multiplication of cells and serving no physiological function; a neoplasm | body part |
| gof | toe | one of the digits of the foot | body part |
| grat | skull | the bony or cartilaginous framework of the head of vertebrates, made up of the bones of the braincase and face; cranium | body part |
| grazhayek | grinder | a molar | body part |
| guv-dau-tukh | sex hormone | any of various hormones, such as estrogen and androgen, affecting the development of secondary sex characteristics | body part |
| guv-nafek | gonad | an organ in animals that produces gametes, especially a testis or ovary | body part |
| guv-toltra | sex chromosome | either of a pair of chromosomes, usually designated X or Y that combine to determine the sex and sex-linked characteristics of an individual | body part |
| ha'gel-poprahek | photoreceptor | a nerve ending, cell, or group of cells specialized to sense or receive light | body part |
| han | nose | the organ of smell and entrance to the respiratory tract; the prominent part of the face of man or other mammals | body part |
| han-bezhun-mev | nasolacrimal duct | a duct that carries tears from the lacrimal sac to the nasal cavity | body part |
| han-drakh | nasopharynx | the part of the pharynx above the soft palate that is continuous with the nasal passages | body part |
| han-pi'tauk | nasal sinus | any of the paired sinuses in the bones of the face adjacent to the nasal cavity that are lined with mucous membrane | body part |
| han-sharular | nostrils | either one of the two external openings to the nasal cavity in the nose; a naris | body part |
| han-tauk | nasal cavity | either of the two cavities lying between the floor of the cranium and the roof of the mouth and extending from the face to the pharynx | body part |
| han-temok | nasal septum | a bone and cartilage partition between the nasal cavities | body part |
| harr | tail | the posterior part of an animal, especially when elongated and extending beyond the trunk or main part of the body | body part |
| harr-hinek | coccygeal vertebra | one of 4 vertebrae in the human coccyx | body part |
| harr-hinek | coccyx/coccygeal vertebra | a small triangular bone at the base of the spinal column in humans and tailless apes, consisting of several fused rudimentary vertebrae | body part |
| harr-hinektra | coccyx | the end of the vertebral column in humans and tailless apes | body part |
| hinek | bone | the dense, semirigid, porous, calcified connective tissue forming the major portion of the skeleton of most vertebrates. It consists of a dense organic matrix and an inorganic, mineral component (VLI) | body part |
| hinek | os | a bone | body part |
| hinek-(teraya-)dvunek | skeletal muscles | a muscle that is connected at either or both ends to a bone and so move parts of the skeleton; a muscle that is characterized by transverse stripes | body part |
| hinek-masu | marrow - bone | the soft, fatty, vascular tissue that fills most bone cavities and is the source of red blood cells and many white blood cells | body part |
| hinek-masu | bone marrow | the soft, fatty, vascular tissue that fills most bone cavities and is the source of red blood cells and many white blood cells | body part |
| hinek-nala | osteocyte | a branched cell embedded in the matrix of bone tissue | body part |
| hinek-nalatra-wein | periosteum | the dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones except at the joints and serving as an attachment for muscles and tendons | body part |
| hinek-storau-nala | osteoblast | a cell from which bone develops; a bone-forming cell | body part |
| hinek-teraya | skeleton | the internal structure composed of bone and cartilage that protects and supports the soft organs, tissues, and other parts of a vertebrate organism | body part |
| hinek-tersayek | ligament | a sheet or band of tough, fibrous tissue connecting bones or cartilages at a joint or supporting an organ | body part |
| hinekik | osseous | composed of, containing, or resembling bone; bony | body part |
| hul'a | anus | the opening at the lower end of the alimentary canal through which solid waste is eliminated from the body | body part |
| i'kae | abdomen | part of the body that lies between the thorax and the pelvis and encloses the stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, and pancreas (VulcLinq) | body part |
| is-lof-svitan | hypothalamus | the part of the brain that lies below the thalamus, regulates bodily temperature, certain metabolic processes, and other autonomic activities | body part |
| is-lof-svitan | medulla oblongata | the lowermost portion of the vertebrate brain responsible for the control of respiration, circulation, and certain other bodily functions | body part |
| isach | hair | a single strand of cylindrical, keratinized, often pigmented filaments characteristically growing from the epidermis of a mammal (one hair) | body part |
| isach | pilus | hairlike structure especially on the surface of a cell or microorganism | body part |
| isach-kal | hair follicle | a tubular infolding of the epidermis containing the root of a hair | body part |
| isachya | hair | multiple strands of cylindrical, keratinized, often pigmented filaments characteristically growing from the epidermis of a mammal | body part |
| k'rawhl | abdominal region | the area of the abdomen; the belly | body part |
| kahm | flesh | the soft tissue of the body of a vertebrate consisting mainly of skeletal muscle and fat (noun) | body part |
| kaluk | ear | ear [body part] | body part |
| kaluk- | aural | of or pertaining to hearing or the ear; relating to or characterized by an aura (adj.) | body part |
| kaluk-mev | eustachian tubes | the tube from the middle ear to the pharynx; equalizes air pressure on both sides of ear drum | body part |
| kaluk-yak | perilymph | the fluid in the space between the membranous and bony labyrinths of the inner ear | body part |
| kalukik | aural | of or pertaining to hearing or the ear; relating to or characterized by an aura (adj.) | body part |
| kan-zud | deciduous tooth | one of the first temporary teeth of a young mammal (one of 20 in children) | body part |
| kapol-nafek-mev | ureter | the long, narrow duct that conveys urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder or cloaca | body part |
| kar | arm | an upper limb of the human body, connecting the hand and wrist to the shoulder (VLI) | body part |
| kar-nef | elbow | elbow [body part] | body part |
| kar-nik | wrist | the joint between the hand and the forearm | body part |
| kash-ral-wel | sensory nerve | a nerve that leads from receptors toward or to the central nervous system | body part |
| kau-slor-tukh | pentose | any of a class of monosaccharides having five carbon atoms per molecule and including ribose and several other sugars | body part |
| kaur-ozh | thumb | the thick short innermost digit of the forelimb | body part |
| kehr-oth | forefinger | the index finger [body part] | body part |
| kehr-ozh | index finger | the finger next to the thumb | body part |
| kei'i | claw | sharp curved horny process on the toe of a bird or some mammals or reptiles/nail/talon [body part] | body part |
| kesazh | omphalus | scar where the umbilical cord was attached; belly button | body part |
| kesazh | umbilicus | a small opening or depression similar to a navel, as the hollow at the base of the shell of some gastropod mollusks, one of the openings in the shaft of a feather, or the hilum of a seed; bellybutton | body part |
| kesh-kuraya | nevus | a congenital growth or mark on the skin, such as a mole or birthmark | body part |
| keshtan-kur-vel | birthmark | a mole or blemish present on the skin from birth; a nevus | body part |
| keshtan-ur | vagina | the passage leading from the opening of the vulva to the cervix of the uterus in female mammals | body part |
| ketek | protein | any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of long chains of polypeptides | body part |
| khaf | blood | the fluid consisting of plasma, blood cells, and platelets that is circulated by the heart through the vertebrate vascular system, carrying oxygen and nutrients to and waste materials away from all body tissues (VLI) | body part |
| khaf-esh-meil | hemoglobin | the iron-containing respiratory pigment in red blood cells of vertebrates, consisting of about 6% heme and 94% globin | body part |
| khaf-masu-ketek | plasma protein | any of the proteins in blood plasma | body part |
| khaf-masu-nala | plasma cell | any of the antibody-secreting cells found in lymphoid tissue and derived from B cells | body part |
| khaf-mev | blood vessel | an elastic tubular channel, such as an artery, a vein, or a capillary, through which the blood circulates | body part |
| khaf-mevik | vascular | of, characterized by, or containing vessels that carry or circulate fluids, such as blood, lymph, or sap, through the body of an animal or plant | body part |
| khaf-nafek | spleen | a large dark-red oval organ on the left side of the body between the stomach and the diaphragm; produces cells involved in immune responses, stores blood and disintegrates old blood cells | body part |
| khaf-nala | blood cell | any of the cells contained in blood; an erythrocyte or leukocyte; a blood corpuscle | body part |
| khaf-orfik-nala | erythroblast | any form of nucleated red blood corpuscles | body part |
| khaf-spol | heart | the chambered muscular organ in vertebrates that pumps blood received from the veins into the arteries | body part |
| khaf-spol-gaya | pulse (medicine) | the rhythmical throbbing of arteries produced by the regular contractions of the heart, especially as palpated at the wrist or in the neck | body part |
| khaf-spol-spunek | heart valve | a valve between the chambers of the heart, or between the heart and the arteries to control one-way flow of blood | body part |
| khim'ip | bone | the dense, semirigid, porous, calcified connective tissue forming the major portion of the skeleton of most vertebrates. It consists of a dense organic matrix and an inorganic, mineral component (Marketa) | body part |
| khrasau-mev | ejaculatory duct | ejaculatory duct | body part |
| ko-dau-tukh | estrogen | female hormone | body part |
| ko-lok | clitoris | a female sexual organ homologous to the penis [body part] | body part |
| kotik | vulva | the external genital organs of the female, including the labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, and vestibule of the vagina | body part |
| kov s'thel'a-zalu-nafek | gallstone | a small, hard, pathological concretion formed in the gallbladder or in a bile duct | body part |
| krani | fenestra | an oval opening leading from the tympanic cavity to the inner ear | body part |
| ku | palm | the inner surface of the hand that extends from the wrist to the base of the fingers | body part |
| kuhka | pus | a generally viscous, yellowish-white fluid formed in infected tissue, consisting of white blood cells, cellular debris, and necrotic tissue | body part |
| kuhku-kad | pustule | a small inflamed elevation of the skin that is filled with pus; a pimple; something likened to an inflamed, pus-filled lesion | body part |
| kur-kuv | areola | a small ring of color around a center portion, as about the nipple of the breast or the part of the iris surrounding the pupil of the eye | body part |
| kurak | iris | the pigmented, round, contractile membrane of the eye, suspended between the cornea and lens and perforated by the pupil | body part |
| kurek | pigment(ation) | a substance, such as chlorophyll or melanin, that produces a characteristic color in plant or animal tissue | body part |
| kusut-nemik tvi-shad-keterklar | endorphins | chemicals in the brain that are powerful pain killers | body part |
| lad | sole (foot) | the underside of the foot | body part |
| lahv | tongue | a mobile mass of muscular tissue covered with mucous membrane and located in the oral cavity | body part |
| lahv-hinek | hyoid bone | a U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the muscles of the tongue | body part |
| lanet | bottom | the buttocks; backside; that which one sits on (noun) | body part |
| lesek-masu | synovial fluid | viscid lubricating fluid secreted by the membrane lining joints and tendon sheaths etc. | body part |
| lesek-sa'haf (boshal k'masu) | bursa | the fluid-filled sac that surrounds a joint | body part |
| limuk | face | the front portion of the head | body part |
| limuk- | facial | of, near, or for the face (adjective) | body part |
| limukik | facial | of, near, or for the face (adjective) | body part |
| lok | penis | male organ of copulation in higher vertebrates, homologous with the clitoris; in mammals, it also serves as the male organ of urinary excretion | body part |
| lok | phallus | the penis; a representation of the penis and testes as an embodiment of generative power | body part |
| los-bezhun | oculus sinister (OS) | the left eye | body part |
| mahalek | flipper | a wide flat limb, as of a seal, whale, or other aquatic mammal, adapted for swimming | body part |
| mal | leg | the part of the limb between the knee and foot in vertebrates used for locomotion or support | body part |
| mal-nef | knee | the joint between the thigh and the lower leg, formed by the articulation of the femur and the tibia and covered anteriorly by the patella | body part |
| mal-nef-hinek | kneecap | a flat triangular bone located at the front of the knee joint | body part |
| mal-nef-hinek | patella | a flat triangular bone located at the front of the knee joint | body part |
| mal-nef-hinek | sesamoid bone | any of several small round bones formed in a tendon where it passes over a joint; e.g. patella (knee cap) | body part |
| mal-nef-tvisek | patellar reflex | a reflex extension of the leg resulting from a sharp tap on the patellar tendon | body part |
| mal-nik | ankle | the joint formed by the articulation of the lower leg bones with the talus; connects the foot with the leg | body part |
| mal-nik-hinek | talus | the bone in the ankle that connects with the lower leg bones to form the ankle joint | body part |
| masu-eshanek | gill | respiratory organ of aquatic animals that breathe oxygen dissolved in water | body part |
| meix'tem | brow | the superciliary ridge over the eyes; the forehead; the eyebrow | body part |
| mesut | pons | a band of nerve fibers on the ventral surface of the brain stem that links the medulla oblongata and the cerebellum with upper portions of the brain | body part |
| mor-mevaya | venation | distribution or arrangement of a system of veins, as in a leaf blade or the wing of an insect | body part |
| mor-pi'fek | petiole | a slender, stalklike part, as that connecting the thorax and abdomen in certain insects | body part |
| mu-kur-nala | melanocyte | an epidermal cell capable of synthesizing melanin | body part |
| mu-kur-tukh | melanin | any of a group of naturally occurring dark pigments, especially the pigment found in skin, hair, fur, and feathers | body part |
| nafek | organ | a differentiated part of an organism, such as an eye, wing, or leaf, that performs a specific function | body part |
| nafek-is-krus | parenchyma | animal tissue that constitutes the essential part of an organ as contrasted with e.g. connective tissue and blood vessels | body part |
| nafek-nen | fundus | the portion of a hollow organ opposite or farthest from its opening | body part |
| nahp-tash-svitan | cerebrum | anterior portion of the brain consisting of two hemispheres; dominant part of the brain in humans | body part |
| nak | cheek | either side of the face below the eyes [body part]; part of the face; either of the two large fleshy masses of muscular tissue that form the human rump | body part |
| nak-hinek | zygomatic bone | a small bone in vertebrates on each side of the face socket, forming the prominence of the cheek; also called cheekbone, malar, malar bone | body part |
| nal-nef-lesek | knee joint | the joint between the thigh and the lower leg, formed by the articulation of the femur and the tibia and covered anteriorly by the patella | body part |
| nal-zud | molar | a tooth with a broad crown used to grind food, located behind the premolars | body part |
| nala | cell | the smallest structural unit of an organism that is capable of independent functioning, consisting of one or more nuclei, cytoplasm, and various organelles, all surrounded by a semipermeable cell membrane (biology) | body part |
| nala-isach | cilium | tiny hairs that line things like the lungs | body part |
| nala-korsau-haf | vacuole | a small cavity in the cytoplasm of a cell, bound by a single membrane and containing water, food, or metabolic waste | body part |
| nala-lesh-tukh | permease | any of several cell-membrane proteins that function as channels for the transport of a specific molecule in or out of the cell. | body part |
| nala-svitan | nucleus (biology) | a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction | body part |
| nala-temok | cell wall | the rigid outermost cell layer found in plants and certain algae, bacteria, and fungi but characteristically absent from animal cells | body part |
| nala-tepul-vel | mitochondrion | an organelle containing enzymes responsible for producing energy; the powerplant of a cell | body part |
| nala-tin | membrane | a thin, pliable layer of tissue covering surfaces or separating or connecting regions, structures, or organs of an animal or a plant | body part |
| nala-wein | cell membrane | the semipermeable membrane that encloses the cytoplasm of a cell | body part |
| nalatra | tissue | a part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function | body part |
| nalatra-tin t'el-lesek | synovial membrane | a thin membrane in synovial (freely moving) joints that lines the point capsule and secretes synovial fluid | body part |
| nalesh-sash t'reh-nol-tukh | pyruvic acid | a colorless organic liquid, CH3COCOOH, formed as an intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism and fermentation and as an end product in glycolysis | body part |
| nalesh-slor-tukh | ketose | any of various carbohydrates containing a ketone group | body part |
| ne-hish-sfek | pressure point | any of several points on the body at which an underlying artery can be pressed against a bone to stop distal bleeding | body part |
| ne-kaluk | earlobe | the fleshy pendulous part of the external ear | body part |
| ne-kar | forearm | the part of the arm between the wrist and the elbow | body part |
| ne-mal | shin | the front part of the leg below the knee and above the ankle | body part |
| ne-mal-hinek | tibia | the inner and larger of the two bones of the lower human leg, extending from the knee to the ankle; shin bone | body part |
| ne-pla'dor-wel | lumbar nerve | any of five pairs of spinal nerves emerging from the lumbar section of the spinal cord | body part |
| ne-pla'dord-hinek | lumbar vertebra | one of 5 lumbar vertebrae that extend from the twelfth thoracic vertebra down to the sacral vertebrae | body part |
| ne-wadiyik | subcutaneous | located or placed just beneath the skin | body part |
| nehasamau-nafek | liver (invertebrates) | an organ in invertebrates that is similar to the vertebrate liver | body part |
| nehasamek | liver (vertebrates) | the large, reddish-brown, glandular vertebrate organ located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity that secretes bile | body part |
| nehg | belly | the part of the body that lies between the thorax and the pelvis and encloses the stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, and pancreas; abdomen | body part |
| nei-yem-nalatra | endosperm | tissue surrounding a developing embyro and provides food for its growth | body part |
| neik-ahs(-hinek) | mandible | the lower jaw of a vertebrate animal; any of various mouth organs of invertebrates used for seizing and biting food esp. in insects | body part |
| neik-drahk | laryngopharynx | the portion of the pharynx just above the larynx; the lower part of the pharynx (part that extends from the mouth and nasal cavities to the larynx) | body part |
| neik-skaun-ek'ur | gastrointestinal tract | tubular passage of mucous membrane and muscle extending about 8.3 meters from mouth to anus | body part |
| neikah | groin | the crease or hollow at the junction of the inner part of each thigh with the trunk, includes the external genitals | body part |
| nen-khaf-masu | serum | the clear yellowish fluid obtained upon separating whole blood into its solid and liquid components after it has been allowed to clot | body part |
| nen-khaf-nala | praseocyte | Vulcan green blood cell | body part |
| nen-mal-wel | sciatic nerve | a sensory and motor nerve originating in the sacral plexus and running through the pelvis and upper leg | body part |
| nen-rihinek | hyaline cartilage | semitransparent, opalescent cartilage that forms most of the fetal skeleton and is found in the trachea, larynx, and joint surfaces of the adult | body part |
| nen-slor-tukh | glucose | a monosaccharide sugar occurring widely in most plant and animal tissue | body part |
| nen-wel t'abru-mal | femoral nerve | nerve that ennervates the femoral region | body part |
| nen-wel-torektra | central nervous system | the portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord` | body part |
| nen-weltralar | basal ganglia | a group of nuclei in the brain associated with motor coordination | body part |
| nes'qlil | arm | an upper limb of the human body, connecting the hand and wrist to the shoulder | body part |
| nikh | eye | eye [body part] | body part |
| numo-pi'mev | microtubule | protein structures found within cells providing structural support and assisting in cellular locomotion and transport | body part |
| olayek | feeler | an organ of touch in an animal or insect as an antenna or tentacle | body part |
| os-khaf-mev | vein | any of the membranous tubes that form a branching system and carry blood to the heart | body part |
| os-khaf-mev t'neik-vukhut | iliac vein | one of three veins draining the pelvic area | body part |
| os-khaf-mev t'talu | jugular vein | any of several large veins of the neck that drain blood from the head | body part |
| ozh | finger | digit of the hand [body part] | body part |
| ozh-dukal | fist | the hand closed tightly with the fingers bent against the palm [body part] | body part |
| ozh-felu | fingernail | fingernail [body part] | body part |
| ozh-lesek | knuckle | the prominence of the dorsal aspect of a joint of a finger, especially of one of the joints connecting the fingers to the hand | body part |
| ozh-sfek | fingertip | the extreme end or tip of a finger | body part |
| pa'ash'ya | flatfoot | flatfoot; contraction of pa'ash-ash'ya | body part |
| pa'kizh-ek'ur | respiratory tract | the part of the anatomy that has to do with the process of respiration or breathing | body part |
| patam | head | the uppermost or forwardmost part of the body of a vertebrate, containing the brain and the eyes, ears, nose, mouth, and jaws | body part |
| patam-ek'wadi | scalp | the skin covering the top of the head | body part |
| patam-hinektra | cranium | the part of the skull that encloses the brain | body part |
| patam-kar- | brachiocephalic | of or involving the arm and the head (adjective) | body part |
| patam-karik | brachiocephalic | of or involving the arm and the head (adjective) | body part |
| patam-pla'dor | occiput | the back part of the head or skull | body part |
| patam-pla-dor-hinek | occipital bone | a curved, trapezoid compound bone that forms the lower posterior part of the skull; the occipital | body part |
| patam-wei | cranial nerve | any of the 12 paired nerves that originate in the brain stem | body part |
| pekh | feces | solid animal/humanoid waste or excrement | body part |
| pekh- | fecal | of, resembling, or marked by the presence of feces (adj.) | body part |
| pekh-mev | colon | the part of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum; it extracts moisture from food residues before they are excreted | body part |
| pekh-mev | intestine | the portion of the alimentary canal extending from the stomach to the anus consisting of two segments (large and small) | body part |
| pekh-razh | anus | the opening at the lower end of the alimentary canal through which solid waste is eliminated from the body (VLI) | body part |
| pekh-vat | rectum | the terminal portion of the large intestine, extending from the sigmoid colon to the anal canal | body part |
| pekhik | fecal | of, resembling, or marked by the presence of feces (adj.) | body part |
| pi'eshaf-mev | bronchiole | any of the fine, thin-walled, tubular extensions of a bronchus | body part |
| pi'fek-svitan-nalatra | pith | the soft inner substance of a feather or hair | body part |
| pi'haf | follicle | a small bodily cavity or sac such as the depression in the skin from which the hair emerges | body part |
| pi'hinek | ossicle | a small bone, especially one of the three bones of the middle ear | body part |
| pi'khat-mev | capillary | one of the minute blood vessels that connect arterioles and venules | body part |
| pi'kur-shal | freckle | a small brownish spot on the skin, often turning darker or increasing in number upon exposure to the sun | body part |
| pi'nafek | gland | a cell, a group of cells, or an organ that produces a secretion for use elsewhere in the body or in a body cavity or for elimination from the body | body part |
| pi'nafek t'sa-nei-masu | seminal vesicle | either of a pair of pouchlike glands situated on each side of the male urinary bladder that adds nutrient fluid to semen during ejaculation | body part |
| pi'nefek t'sa-nai-masu | prostrate (gland) | a firm partly muscular chestnut sized gland in males at the neck of the urethra; produces a viscid secretion that is the fluid part of semen | body part |
| pi'razh | fossa | a small cavity or depression, as in a bone; a pit; a depression | body part |
| pi'razh | fossette | a small, deep-centered ulcer of the transparent cornea; a little hollow; hence, a dimple | body part |
| pi'razh | fovea | a small cuplike depression or pit in a bone or organ; the fovea centralis | body part |
| pi'razh | foveola | a small fovea | body part |
| pi'sa'haf | saccule | the smaller of two membranous sacs in the vestibule of the inner ear; a small sac | body part |
| pi'sa-nei-mev | epididymis | tube resting upon and beside the testes ending in the ductus deferens. | body part |
| pi'sharu | osculum | a mouthlike opening in a sponge, used to expel water | body part |
| pi'tauk | cavity | a natural hollow or sinus within the body ; body cavity | body part |
| pi'uzh-khaf-mev | arteriole | one of the small terminal branches of an artery, especially one that connects with a capillary | body part |
| pi'wef | lepis | scale; shell | body part |
| pihlora-vel | gubernaculum | a mesenchymal column of tissue that connects the fetal testis to the developing scrotum; it appears to play a role in testicular descent | body part |
| pikhut | organelle | a differentiated structure within a cell, such as a mitochondrion, vacuole, or chloroplast, that performs a specific function | body part |
| pla'dor | back | the posterior part of a human (or animal) body from the neck to the end of the spine | body part |
| pla'dor-ralek | dorsal fin | dorsal fin | body part |
| pla'krus-dvunek | gluteus | any of the three large muscles of each buttock, especially the gluteus maximus, that extend, abduct, and rotate the thigh | body part |
| pla'kruslar | buttocks | either of the two rounded prominences on the human torso that are posterior to the hips and formed by the gluteal muscles and underlying structures (VLI) | body part |
| pla'kruslar | nates | the buttocks; the fleshy part of the human body that you sit on | body part |
| pla-krus-hinek | sacrum/sacral vertebra | one of 5 vertebrae in the human spine that fuse in the adult to form the sacrum | body part |
| plak | blood | the fluid consisting of plasma, blood cells, and platelets that is circulated by the heart through the vertebrate vascular system, carrying oxygen and nutrients to and waste materials away from all body tissues (Marketa) | body part |
| plat | backbone | the series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton and protecting the spinal cord | body part |
| plat | spinal column | a series of articulated vertebrae, separated by intervertebral disks that extends from the cranium to the coccyx encasing the spinal cord and forming the supporting axis of the body | body part |
| plat | spine | the spinal column of a vertebrate | body part |
| plat | vertebral column | the series of articulated vertebrae, separated by intervertebral disks and held together by muscles and tendons, that extends from the cranium to the coccyx encasing the spinal cord and forming the supporting axis of the body | body part |
| plat-hinek | vertebra | any of the bones or cartilaginous segments forming the spinal column | body part |
| plat-ur | spinal canal | the passage formed by successive openings in the articulated vertebrae through which the spinal cord and its membranes pass | body part |
| plat-wel | spinal nerve | any of the nerves that arise in pairs from the spinal cord; there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves in the human body | body part |
| plat-wel-elakh | spinal cord | the thick, whitish cord of nerve tissue that extends from the medulla oblongata down through the spinal column and from which the spinal nerves branch off to various parts of the body | body part |
| po-tukh | afterbirth | the placenta and fetal membranes expelled from the uterus following the birth of offspring | body part |
| prash | mucus | the viscous, slippery substance that consists chiefly of mucin, water, cells, and inorganic salts and is secreted as a protective lubricant | body part |
| prash-nala-tin | mucous membrane | mucus-secreting membrane lining all body cavities or passages that communicate with the exterior | body part |
| qui'lari | pressure point at base of skull | Vulcan term for the pressure point at the base of the skull where the spinal cord meets the skull (DS9 The Muse) | body part |
| qui'lari | pressure points | the natural bioelectrical focal points for Vulcan touch-telepathy; located at the temples [source: Enterprise: The Romulan War: Beneath the Raptor's Wing] | body part |
| rala | wing | one of a pair of movable organs for flying, as the feather-covered modified forelimb of a bird or the skin-covered modified digits of the forelimb of a bat | body part |
| ralek | fin | a membranous appendage extending from the body of a fish | body part |
| reh-vla-shidik | deltoid | a large triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint and serving to abduct and flex and extend and rotate the arm (noun) | body part |
| rehr-ozh | middle finger | the second finger; between the index finger and the ring finger | body part |
| rinalaik slah-ketek | collagen | a fibrous scleroprotein in bone and cartilage and tendon and other connective tissue; yields gelatin on boiling | body part |
| rivinik guv-nala | gametocyte | a cell from which gametes develop by meiotic division, especially a spermatocyte or an oocyte | body part |
| ru'lumu | saliva | the watery mixture of secretions from the salivary and oral mucous glands that lubricates chewed food, and contains ptyalin (MGV dialect of VLI) | body part |
| ru'lut | mouth | the externally visible part of the oral cavity on the face and the system of organs surrounding the opening | body part |
| ru'lut-drahk | oropharynx | the part of the pharynx between the soft palate and the epiglottis | body part |
| ru'lut-kamu | palate | the roof of the mouth having a complete or partial separation of the oral and nasal cavities and consisting of the hard palate and the soft palate | body part |
| ru'lut-masu | saliva | the watery mixture of secretions from the salivary and oral mucous glands that lubricates chewed food, and contains ptyalin (TGV dialect of VLI) | body part |
| sa'a-wel-torektra | autonomic nervous system | the part of the nervous system of vertebrates that controls involuntary actions of the smooth muscles and heart and glands | body part |
| sa'haf | sac | a pouch or pouchlike structure in a plant or an animal, sometimes filled with fluid (anc.) | body part |
| sa-dau-tukh | testosterone | a white crystalline steroid hormone responsible for the development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics | body part |
| sa-nei | spermatozoon | the mature fertilizing gamete of a male organism, usually consisting of a round or cylindrical nucleated cell, a short neck, and a thin motile tail | body part |
| sa-nei-masu | semen | a viscous whitish secretion of the male spermatozoa and consisting of secretions of the testes, seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands | body part |
| sa-nei-pi'mev | seminiferous tubule | one of two or three twisted, curved tubules in each lobule of the testis in which spermatozoa develop | body part |
| sadvunek | extsensor | a muscle that extends a body part (away from the body) | body part |
| sakal | testicles | a testis, especially one contained within a scrotum | body part |
| sakal | testis | the reproductive gland in a male vertebrate, the source of spermatozoa and the androgens, normally occurring paired in an external scrotum in humans and certain other mammals | body part |
| sakal | orchis | one of the two male reproductive glands that produce spermatozoa and secrete androgens | body part |
| sakal-sa'haf | scrotum | the external sac of skin enclosing the testes in most mammals | body part |
| sakal-sa'haf | scrotum | the external sac of skin enclosing the testes in most mammals | body part |
| san | waist | the part of the humanoid trunk between the bottom of the rib cage and the pelvis | body part |
| sap'zmu | atom | the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element | body part |
| saset-zud | deciduous tooth | one of the first temporary teeth of a young mammal (one of 20 in children) | body part |
| sash t'dah-ha-svitan (SDH) | DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid; a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix; associated with the transmission of genetic information | body part |
| sash t'ha-torek | amino acid | organic compounds containing an amino group and a carboxylic acid group | body part |
| sash t'wuh-ha-svitan | ribonucleic acid (RNA) | a nucleic acid that transmits genetic information from DNA to the cytoplasm; controls certain chemical processes in the cell | body part |
| sfekalik kaluklar | pointed ears | the shape of the external part of the ear that tapers into a point | body part |
| shad | brain | the portion of the vertebrate central nervous system that is enclosed within the cranium, continuous with the spinal cord, and composed of gray matter and white matter (VLI - MGV - dialect of VLI Vulcan) | body part |
| shad-gnal | brain tumor | any mass created by an abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells either found in the brain | body part |
| shad-gnal | cerebral tumour | an abnormal growth of cells within the brain or inside the skull, which can be cancerous or non-cancerous (benign) | body part |
| shad-pi'tak | cerebral abscess | a collection of pus caused by inflammation and collection of infected material in or on the brain; | body part |
| shaf | cyst | a fluid-filled sac; a closed sac that develops abnormally in some body structure; a small anatomically normal sac or bladderlike structure (especially one containing fluid) | body part |
| shaht-toltra | telocentric chromosome | a chromosome like a straight rod with the centromere in terminal position | body part |
| shal-kal | lobe | a rounded projection, especially a rounded, projecting anatomical part; a subdivision of a bodily organ | body part |
| sharu | foramen | a natural opening or perforation through a bone or a membranous structure | body part |
| sharu | orifice | an opening, especially to a cavity or passage of the body; a mouth or vent | body part |
| sharu | ostium | a small opening or orifice, as in a body organ or passage; any of the small openings or pores in a sponge | body part |
| shati-dvunek | smooth muscle | a muscle that contracts without conscious control and found in walls of internal organs such as stomach and intestine and bladder and blood vessels | body part |
| shek-mor-shidik | ensiform | sword-like structure; xiphoid process of the sternum | body part |
| shi'nahp | brain | the portion of the vertebrate central nervous system that is enclosed within the cranium, continuous with the spinal cord, and composed of gray matter and white matter (VLI - TGV - dialect of VLI Vulcan) | body part |
| shi'spes | larynx | the part of the respiratory tract between the pharynx and the trachea containing the vocal cords | body part |
| shihvek-vel | sphenoid | aka sphenoid bone; a compound bone with winglike processes, situated at the base of the skull | body part |
| si-bezhun-wein | eyelid, outer | the moveable folds of skin by which the eyes are opened or shut | body part |
| si-gir-tin | exodermis | outermost of the 3 germal layers of the embryo; also ectodermis | body part |
| si-guv-krus | pudendum | the human external genital organs, especially of a woman; often used in the plural (pudenda) | body part |
| si-guv-krus | pudenda | the human external genital organs, especially of a woman | body part |
| si-guv-kruslar | genitalia - external | the vulva in the female, and the penis and scrotum in the male | body part |
| si-hinek-velek | exoskeleton | an external skeleton | body part |
| si-kaluk | auricle | the externally visible cartilaginous structure of the external ear | body part |
| si-kaluk | pinna | the outer projecting portion of the ear; Vulcan ones are pointed | body part |
| si-ketek | keratin | a tough, insoluble protein substance that is the chief structural constituent of hair, nails, horns, and hooves | body part |
| si-krus | appendage | a part or organ, such as an arm, leg, tail, or fin, that is joined to the axis or trunk of a body | body part |
| si-nalatra | ectoderm | outermost of the primary germ layers in the embryo; become skin, sense organs, nervous system | body part |
| si-sau-pi-nafek | exocrine glands | glands whose secretion reaches an epithelial surface either directly or through a duct; like sweat | body part |
| si-tin t'nahp-tash-svitan | cerebral cortex | a structure within the brain that plays a key role in memory, attention, perceptual awareness, thought, language, and consciousness | body part |
| si-vukhut-krus | extremity | a limb; arm, or leg | body part |
| si-wadi | epidermis | outer layer of skin | body part |
| si-wein | cortex | the layer of unmyelinated neurons (the gray matter) forming the cortex of the cerebrum | body part |
| sik ne'kar-hinek | radius | a long, prismatic, slightly curved bone, the shorter and thicker of the two forearm bones, located on the lateral side of the ulna | body part |
| sikrus | limb | one of the jointed appendages of an animal, such as an arm, leg, wing, or flipper, used for locomotion or grasping | body part |
| skaulu | peptide | amide combining the amino group of one amino acid with the carboxyl group of another; usually obtained by partial hydrolysis of protein | body part |
| skaun'ek'ur | alimentary canal | tubular passage of mucous membrane and muscle extending about 8.3 meters from mouth to anus; functions in digestion and elimination | body part |
| skaun-ek'ur | digestive tract | tubular passage of mucous membrane and muscle extending about 8.3 meters from mouth to anus; functions in digestion and elimination | body part |
| skaun-pi'nafek | digestive gland | any gland having ducts that pour secretions into the digestive tract | body part |
| skaun-pi'vel | lysosome | a membrane-bound organelle in the cytoplasm of most cells containing various hydrolytic enzymes that function in intracellular digestion | body part |
| skaun-sa'haf | stomach | the enlarged, saclike portion of the alimentary canal, one of the principal organs of digestion, located in vertebrates between the esophagus and the small intestine | body part |
| skaun-sa'haf-masu | gastric juice | digestive secretions of the stomach glands consisting chiefly of hydrochloric acid, mucin and the enzymes pepsin and rennin and lipase | body part |
| skaun-sa'haf-pi'nafek | gastric gland | any of various glands in the walls of the stomach that secrete gastric juice | body part |
| skaun-torektra | alimentary system | the digestive tract from the mouth to the anus with all its associated glands and organs | body part |
| skehl | fossa | groove; an anatomical pit, groove, or depression | body part |
| skonn-sharu | stoma | a small aperture in the surface of a membrane | body part |
| slah-dvunek | striated muscle | a usually voluntary muscle made up of elongated, multinucleated, transversely striated muscle fibers, having principally bony attachments | body part |
| slah-nalatra | fibrous tissue | tissue composed of fibrous material | body part |
| slahtra | bundle | a cluster or strand of closely bound muscle or nerve fibers | body part |
| slakh | navel | the mark on the surface of the abdomen of mammals where the umbilical cord was attached during gestation | body part |
| slor-dau-tukh | insulin | polypeptide hormone secreted by the pancreas and regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats, lowering blood sugars | body part |
| smol-fo | theca | the case, covering, or sheath, such as the pollen sac of an anther, the spore case of a moss, or the outer covering of the pupa of certain insects | body part |
| sofar-pi'nafek | pineal gland | a small, cone-shaped organ in the brain of most vertebrates that secretes the hormone melatonin | body part |
| sov-sa-haf | air bladder | an air-filled structure in many fishes that functions to maintain buoyancy or, in some species, to aid in respiration | body part |
| spahk | claw | sharp curved horny process on the toe of a bird or some mammals or reptiles; talon; nail (VLI) | body part |
| spes | voice | the sound produced by the vocal organs of a vertebrate, especially a human; the to produce such sounds | body part |
| spes-vel | glottis | the opening between the vocal cords at the upper part of the larynx; the vocal apparatus of the larynx | body part |
| spesek | vocal cord | either of two pairs of bands or folds of mucous membrane in the throat that project into the larynx; they vibrate when pulled together and when air is passed up from the lungs, thereby producing vocal sounds | body part |
| spol | pump | a molecular mechanism for the active transport of ions or molecules across a cell membrane; the heart (noun) | body part |
| stein | callus | a localized thickening and enlargement of the horny layer of the skin; the hard bony tissue that develops around the ends of a fractured bone during healing | body part |
| stonn | antler | one of a pair of hornlike, bony, deciduous growths, usually elongated and branched found on the deer family | body part |
| sudef | uterus | the hollow muscular organ located in the pelvic cavity of female mammals in which the fertilized egg implants and develops | body part |
| sudef | womb | uterus; a place where something is generated | body part |
| sudef-masu | amniotic fluid | the serous fluid in which the embryo is suspended inside the amnion | body part |
| sudef-masu-sa'haf | amniotic sac | thin innermost membranous sac enclosing the developing embryo in higher vertebrates | body part |
| sudef-talu | cervix | necklike opening to the uterus | body part |
| sudef-tvitaya | endometrium | mucous membrane lining the inner surface of the uterus | body part |
| suk'es-nei-mev | vas deferens | the main duct through which semen is carried from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct | body part |
| suk'eshaf-mev | bronchus | either of two main branches of the trachea, leading directly to the lungs | body part |
| suk'yokul-nala | macrophage | any of the large phagocytic cells of the reticuloendothelial system | body part |
| suvan-vel | golgi body | a net-like structure in the cytoplasm of animal cells (especially in those cells that produce secretions) | body part |
| svai-mortra | calyx | a cuplike structure or organ, such as one of the cuplike divisions of the pelvis or of the kidney; a collecting structure in the kidney | body part |
| svitan-ash'ya-hinek | metatarsus | the middle part of the human foot that forms the instep and includes the five bones between the toes and the ankle | body part |
| svitan-el'ru-hinek | metacarpus | the part of the human hand that includes the five bones between the fingers and the wrist | body part |
| svitan-kaluk | middle ear | the space between the eardrum and the inner ear that contains the three auditory ossicles (3 small bones) | body part |
| svitan-nala-tukh | nucleoplasm | the protoplasm of a cell nucleus; also called karyoplasm | body part |
| svitan-tin t'khaf-spol | myocardium | the muscular tissue of the heart | body part |
| talu | neck | the part of the body joining the head to the shoulders or trunk | body part |
| talu-hinek | cervical vertebra | one of 7 vertebrae in the human spine located in the neck region | body part |
| talu-pla'dor | nucha | the nape of the neck | body part |
| tash-dvunek | voluntary muscle | muscle, such as striated muscle, normally controlled by individual volition | body part |
| tash-tol | regulator gene | a gene that causes the production of a protein that regulates or suppresses the activity of one or more structural genes; also called regulator | body part |
| tedvun(an) | flexure | a curve, turn, or fold, such as a bend in a tubular organ: a flexure of the colon | body part |
| tedvunek | flexor | a muscle that when contracted acts to bend a joint or limb in the body | body part |
| tefosh-torektra | immune system | the integrated body system of organs, tissues, cells, and cell products such as antibodies that differentiates self from nonself | body part |
| tehn-hasam-tukh | antitoxin | an antibody that can neutralize a specific toxin | body part |
| temok | septum | a thin partition or membrane that divides two cavities or soft masses of tissue in an organism | body part |
| ten-nala-dukal | morula | the spherical embryonic mass of blastomeres formed before the blastula and resulting from cleavage of the fertilized ovum | body part |
| terkarf-tukh | flocculant | having soft, fluffy wool or hair; covered with a soft, waxy secretion as in certain insects | body part |
| tersau-elakh | umbilical cord | the flexible cordlike structure connecting a fetus at the abdomen with the placenta and containing two umbilical arteries and one vein that transport nourishment to the fetus and remove its wastes | body part |
| tersau-nalatra | connective tissue | tissue of mesodermal origin consisting of e.g. collagen fibroblasts and fatty cells; supports organs and fills spaces between them and forms tendons and ligaments | body part |
| tersau-thalv | fascia | fibrous connective tissue forming sheets or layers beneath the skin enclosing muscles or organs | body part |
| tersau-ulidar | hilum | the area through which ducts, nerves, or blood vessels enter and leave a gland or organ | body part |
| tesihk | albumin | a simple water-soluble protein found in many animal tissues and liquids | body part |
| thak | breast | either of two milk-secreting, glandular organs on the chest of a woman; the human mammary gland (VLI - MGV - dialect of VLI Vulcan) | body part |
| thalv-velek | lamina - person | a thin layer of bone, membrane, or other tissue | body part |
| thalv-velek | lamina - animal | a thin scalelike or platelike structure, as one of the thin layers of sensitive vascular tissue in the hoof of a horse | body part |
| thas-mev | lactiferous duct | ducts of the mammary gland that carry milk to the nipple | body part |
| thas-pi'nafek | mammary gland | any of the milk-producing glands in female mammals with a system of ducts to convey the milk to an external nipple or teat | body part |
| thas-skaun-zalu | lactase | an enzyme occurring in certain yeasts and in the intestinal juices of mammals and catalyzing the hydrolysis of lactose into glucose and galactose | body part |
| thas-slor-tukh | lactose | a sugar comprising one glucose molecule linked to a galactose molecule; occurs only in milk | body part |
| thasek | breast | either of two milk-secreting, glandular organs on the chest of a woman; the human mammary gland (VLI - TGV - dialect of VLI Vulcan) | body part |
| thasek-gonaf | nipple | the small projection of a mammary gland containing the outlets of the milk ducts through which young mammals obtain milk from the adult female | body part |
| thel'a | fat | trigylceride ester of fatty acids; found in a layer below the dermis | body part |
| thel'a-ketek | lipoprotein | any of a group of conjugated proteins in which at least one of the components is a lipid | body part |
| thel'a-sash | fatty acids | a class of organic acids derived from saturated/unsaturated fats occuring in plant and animal fat | body part |
| thel'a-zalu-ek'ur | biliary tract | refers to the bile ducts within the liver, the common bile duct (connecting the liver and gallbladder to the small intestine) and the cystic duct (short duct that connects the common bile duct to the gallbladder) | body part |
| thel'a-zalu-masu | bile | a bitter, alkaline, brownish-yellow or greenish-yellow fluid that is secreted by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and discharged into the duodenum and aids in the emulsification, digestion, and absorption of fats | body part |
| thel'a-zalu-mev | bile duct | any of the excretory passages in the liver that carry bile to the hepatic duct, which joins with the cystic duct to form the common bile duct opening into the duodenum | body part |
| thel'a-zalu-nafek | gall bladder | a small, pear-shaped muscular sac, located under the right lobe of the liver, in which bile is stored | body part |
| thel'upik nalatra | adipose tissue | a type of connective tissue that contains stored cellular fat | body part |
| thurai-velek | secondary structure | the protein structure characterized by folding of the peptide chain into an alpha helix, beta pleated sheet, or random coil | body part |
| timut | heel | the rounded posterior portion of the human foot under and behind the ankle | body part |
| timut-hinek | calcaneus/calcaneum | the quadrangular bone at the back of the tarsus; heel bone | body part |
| tipan | shoulder | the joint connecting the arm with the torso; the part of the human body between the neck and upper arm | body part |
| tipan-hinek | scapula | either of two large, flat, triangular bones forming the back part of the shoulder; shoulder blade | body part |
| to'ovau-dau-tukh | growth hormone | any of various natural or synthetic substances that regulate the growth of animals or plants such as pituitary growth hormone | body part |
| to'tsu | nerve | any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the body | body part |
| tol | gene | a self-replicating protein molecule that occupies a fixed place on a chromosome; a unit of heredity | body part |
| tol-kiht | genetic code | the sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that determines the specific amino acid sequence in the synthesis of proteins | body part |
| tol-var | genome | one haploid set of chromosomes with the genes they contain; the full DNA sequence of an organism | body part |
| tol-ves | genotype | the genetic makeup, as distinguished from the physical appearance, of an organism or a group of organisms | body part |
| toltra | chromosome | a threadlike linear strand of DNA and associated proteins in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells that carries the genes and functions in the transmission of hereditary information | body part |
| toltra-kan | chromatid | either of the two daughter strands of a replicated chromosome that are joined by a single centromere and separate | body part |
| toltra-tersau-vel | centromere | the most condensed and constricted region of a chromosome, to which the spindle fiber is attached during mitosis | body part |
| toltra-tukh | chromatin | a complex of nucleic acids and proteins, primarily histones, in the cell nucleus that stains readily with basic dyes and condenses to form chromosomes during cell division | body part |
| tsa-spahk | talon | the claw of a bird of prey; the similar claw of a predatory animal | body part |
| tsuri-nala | somatic cell | any cell of a plant or an animal other than a germ cell; also called body cell | body part |
| tuf | chest | chest (VLI) [body part] | body part |
| tuf | thorax | the part of the human body between the neck and the diaphragm or the corresponding part in other vertebrates | body part |
| tuf-hinek | breast bone | a long flat bone, articulating with the cartilages of the first seven ribs and with the clavicle, forming the middle part of the anterior wall of the thorax; sternum | body part |
| tuf-hinek | sternum | a long flat bone in most vertebrates that is situated along the ventral midline of the thorax and articulates with the ribs; breast bone | body part |
| tuf-hinek | thoracic vertebra | one of 12 vertebrae in the human vertebral column; thoracic vertebrae extend from the seventh cervical vertebra down to the first lumbar vertebra | body part |
| tuf-nala-tin | pleura | a thin serous membrane in mammals that envelops each lung and folds back to make a lining for the chest cavity | body part |
| tuf-pi'nafek | thymus | a ductless glandular organ at the base of the neck that produces lymphocytes and aids in producing immunity; atrophies with age | body part |
| tuf-wel | thoracic nerve | any of twelve pairs of spinal nerves emerging from the thoracic region of the spinal cord | body part |
| tvi-bezhun-masu | aqueous humor | the clear, watery fluid circulating in the chamber of the eye between the cornea and the lens | body part |
| tvi-bezhun-wein | eyelid, inner | the inner or nictating membrane covering the Vulcan eye to protect the eye from sun or sand | body part |
| tvi-harr | coccyx | the end of the vertebral column in humans and tailless apes | body part |
| tvi-hinek-tvitaya | endosteum | membrane lining bone in the medullary cavity | body part |
| tvi-kaluk | inner ear | portion of the ear located within the temporal bone that is involved in both hearing/balance housing the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea | body part |
| tvi-kaluk-masu | endolymph | pale, limpid fluid within the labyrinth of the ear | body part |
| tvi-kaluk-pakuv | cochlea | cochlea; part of inner ear pertaining to hearing and balance | body part |
| tvi-nafeklar | internal organs | organs that are situated inside the body, e.g. liver, spleen, heart, lungs, etc. | body part |
| tvi-sau-pi'nafek | endocrine gland | ductless gland which produces internal secretions into the blood or lymph systems | body part |
| tvi-sau-torektra | endocrine system | system which consists of endocrine glands that secrete hormones which are circulated around the body | body part |
| tvi-shal | atrium | a body cavity or chamber, especially either of the upper chambers of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into a ventricle | body part |
| tvi-shal t'khaf-spol | heart chamber | one of the chambers that either collect blood from the veins or fill with blood before expelling it to the arteries | body part |
| tvi-skonn-nalatra | endothelium | flat cells that line the blood/lymphatic vessels, heart, and other body cavities | body part |
| tvi-tin t'khaf-spol | endocardium | lining (serous) membrane of the inner surface and cavities of the heart | body part |
| tvi-tukh | endoplasm | internal, fluid protoplasm of a cell which lies within the ectoplasm which forms the peripheral layer | body part |
| tvi-wadi | dermis | the deep vascular inner layer of the skin | body part |
| tvik ne-kar-hinek | ulna | a long, prismatic, slightly curved bone, the shorter and thicker of the two forearm bones, located on the lateral side of the radius | body part |
| uk | digit | a finger or toe in human beings or corresponding part in other vertebrates | body part |
| uk-hineklar | phalanges | the bone of a finger or toe | body part |
| ulef-skaun-yemtra | chyme | what the stomach turns the food into during its part of digestion | body part |
| um-sfek | vertex | the highest point of the skull; the top of the head | body part |
| ur | meatus | a body opening or passage, such as the opening of the ear or the urethral canal | body part |
| uzh-khaf-mev | artery | any of the muscular elastic tubes that form a branching system and that carry blood away from the heart to the cells, tissues, and organs of the body | body part |
| uzh-khaf-mev t'abru-mal | femoral artery | artery beginning at the external illiac artery, terminating behind the knee as the popliteal artery | body part |
| uzh-khaf-mev t'khaf-spol | coronary artery | the artery that branches from the aorta to supply blood to the heart | body part |
| uzh-khaf-mev t'neik-vukhut | iliac artery | one of the large arteries supplying blood to the pelvis and legs | body part |
| va'asau-zalu | replicase | an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a complementary RNA molecule from an RNA template | body part |
| vaukh | calf | the fleshy muscular back part of the human leg between the knee and ankle | body part |
| vaukh-hinek | fibula | the outer and narrower of two bones of the human lower leg, extending from the knee to the ankle | body part |
| vazh | urine | the waste product secreted by the kidneys that in Vulcans extremely rich in excreted minerals with a high specific gravity, and will kill plant life; is also extremely thick and viscous, resembling in colour and texture freshly-pumped crude oil | body part |
| vazh-mev | urethra | the canal through which urine is discharged from the bladder in most mammals and through which semen is discharged in the male | body part |
| vazh-sa'haf | bladder | a sac in the abdomen which receives urine from the kidneys and stores it for excretion (TGV - dialect of VLI Vulcan) [body part] | body part |
| vazhaf | bladder | a sac in the abdomen which receives urine from the kidneys and stores it for excretion (MGV - dialect of VLI Vulcan) [body part] | body part |
| vek | yolk (egg) | the yellow, usually spherical portion of an egg of a bird or reptile, surrounded by the albumen and serving as nutriment for the developing young | body part |
| vek t'rikas-sa-nel | tapetum | a layer of fibers of the corpus callosum forming the roof of part of the lateral ventricle of the brain | body part |
| vek-sa'haf | yolk sac | a membranous sac attached to an embryo, providing early nourishment in the form of yolk and functioning as the circulatory system of the human embryo before internal circulation begins | body part |
| vihk | clot | clot; congealed blood or fat | body part |
| vihk-nala | platelet | tiny bits of protoplasm found in vertebrate blood; essential for blood clotting | body part |
| vihk-nala | thrombocyte | tiny bits of protoplasm found in vertebrate blood; essential for blood clotting | body part |
| vinem-lahv-wel | hypoglossal nerve | either of the 12th pair of cranial nerves that innervate the muscles of the tongue | body part |
| vinem-pi'rala | epiglottis | cartilege that folds back over the windpipe during swallowing preventing food from entering lungs | body part |
| vinik guv-nala | gamete | a reproductive cell having the haploid number of chromosomes (sperm or egg) | body part |
| viskulan | matrix | the formative cells or tissue of a fingernail, toenail, or tooth | body part |
| vistra | reticulum | the second compartment of the stomach of ruminant mammals, lined with a membrane having honeycombed ridges | body part |
| vukhut-pi'tauk | body cavity | the cavity within the body of all animals, in mammals it forms the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities | body part |
| wadashaya | perspiration | the fluid, consisting of water with small amounts of urea and salts, that is excreted through the pores of the skin by the sweat glands; sweat | body part |
| wadashaya | sweat | the colorless saline moisture excreted by the sweat glands; perspiration (noun) | body part |
| wadi | skin | the membranous tissue forming the external covering or integument of an animal and consisting in vertebrates of the epidermis and dermis | body part |
| wadi-sharu | pore | a minute opening in tissue, as in the skin of an animal, serving as an outlet for perspiration | body part |
| wadi-thel'asu | sebum | the semifluid secretion of the sebaceous glands, consisting chiefly of fat, keratin, and cellular material | body part |
| wadi-thel'asu-pi'nafek | sebaceous gland | any of various glands in the dermis of the skin that open into a hair follicle and produce and secrete sebum | body part |
| wadi-yarek | contusion | an injury that doesn't break the skin but results in some discoloration | body part |
| wak-hinek | temporal bone | either of a pair of compound bones forming the sides and base of the skull | body part |
| wan-khaf-nala | leukocyte | white blood cells that engulf and digest bacteria and fungi; an important part of the body's defense system | body part |
| wef | scale | one of the many small platelike dermal or epidermal structures that characteristically form the external covering of fishes, etc. | body part |
| weh-abru-bezhun-wein | eyelid, upper | upper of two folds of skin and muscle that can be closed over the exposed portion of the eyeball | body part |
| weh-ne-bezhun-wein | eyelid, lower | lower of two folds of skin and muscle that can be closed over the exposed portion of the eyeball | body part |
| wehk-ribosh-thel'a | polyunsaturated fat | a class of fats having long carbon chains with many double bonds unsaturated with hydrogen atoms; supposedly associated with low blood cholestero | body part |
| wein-nala | epithelial cell | the layer of cells forming the epidermis of the skin and the surface layer of mucous/serous membranes | body part |
| wein-nala-tin | epithelium | the layer of cells forming the epidermis of the skin and the surface layer of mucous/serous membranes | body part |
| wein-nalatra | epithelial tissu | tissue that forms the epidermis of the skin and the surface layer of mucour/serous membranes | body part |
| wel-gel | dendrite | short fiber that conducts toward the cell body of the neuron; part of a nerve cell | body part |
| wel-gir | radicle | the small structure, such as a fibril of a nerve, that resembles a root | body part |
| wel-haf | synapse | the junction across which a nerve impulse passes from an axon terminal to a neuron, muscle cell, or gland cell | body part |
| wel-nala | neuron | the primary cells of the nervous system, they are found in the brain, the spinal cord and in the peripheral nerves and ganglia | body part |
| wel-sasau-meil | neurotransmitter | a chemical in the brain that aids in the transfer of electrical stimulus between the synaptic end of a axon to the dentrite of another | body part |
| wel-sasayek | neurotransmitter | a chemical in the brain that aids in the transfer of electrical stimulus between the synaptic end of a axon to the dentrite of another | body part |
| weltra | ganglion | a group of nerve cells forming a nerve center, especially one located outside the brain or spinal cord | body part |
| wu-zud | fang | a long, pointed tooth or tusk by which an animal seizes, holds, or tears at his prey | body part |
| wuh'rak gof | hallux | the innermost or first digit on the hind foot of certain mammals; the human hallux is commonly called the big toe. | body part |
| wuh-slortra-tukh | monosaccharide | any of several carbohydrates that cannot be broken down to simpler sugars by hydrolysis; also called simple sugars | body part |
| wuh-vlavla-vel | trapezoid | a small bone in the wrist, situated near the base of the index finger | body part |
| wuhr-ozh | little finger | the smallest finger of the human hand; the last finger as counted from the thumb; the pinky finger | body part |
| yak(-masu) | lymph | a fluid derived from body tissues that contains white blood cells and circulates throughout the lymphatic system | body part |
| yak-kal | lymph node | any of the small bodies located along the lymphatic vessels that filter bacteria and foreign particles from lymph fluid (e.g. groin, armpit, etc) | body part |
| yak-mev | lymph vessel | a vascular duct that carries lymph which is eventually added to the venous blood circulation | body part |
| yak-nala | lymphocyte | an agranulocytic leukocyte that normally makes up a quarter of the white blood cell count but increases in the presence of infection | body part |
| yokul-mev | esophagus | tube leading from mouth to stomach | body part |
| yokul-mev | gullet | the esophagus; the throat | body part |
| yokul-nala | phagocyte | a cell, such as a white blood cell, that engulfs and absorbs waste material, harmful microorganisms, or other foreign bodies | body part |
| yon-khaf-nala | erythrocyte | non-nucleated red blood corpuscles | body part |
| yukal | ovary | the usually paired female or hermaphroditic reproductive organ that produces ova and, in vertebrates, estrogen and progesterone | body part |
| za-han-pi'nafek | adenoid | of two masses of lymphoid tissue located at the back of the nose in the upper part of the throat may obstruct normal breathing when swollen | body part |
| zahvek | taste bud | any of numerous spherical or ovoid clusters of receptor cells found mainly in the epithelium of the tongue and constituting the end organs of the sense of taste | body part |
| zalu | enzyme | organic catalyst produced by living cells but capable of acting independently | body part |
| zalu-nafek | pancreas | a large elongated exocrine gland located behind the stomach; secretes pancreatic juice and insulin | body part |
| zalu-nafek-masu | pancreatic juice | a clear alkaline secretion of the pancreas containing enzymes that aid in the digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats | body part |
| zalu-nafek-mev | pancreatic duct | the excretory duct of the pancreas, by which pancreatic juice is secreted into the duodenum | body part |
| zhai-nalatra | gray matter | brownish-gray nerve tissue, especially of the brain and spinal cord, composed of nerve cell bodies and their dendrites and some supportive tissue | body part |
| zhaitra | thalamus | a ovoid mass of gray matter situated in the posterior part of the forebrain that relays sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex | body part |
| zherka-torektra | limbic system | a group of interconnected deep brain structures involved in olfaction, emotion, motivation, behavior, and various autonomic functions | body part |
| zhu-nalatra-tin | eardrum | eardrum; tympanic membrane separating the middle ear from the inner ear | body part |
| zhu-nalatra-tin | tympanic membrane | the thin, semitransparent, oval-shaped membrane that separates the middle ear from the external ear; eardrum | body part |
| zhu-ur | auditory canal | either of the passages in the outer ear from the auricle to the tympanic membrane | body part |
| zhu-wel | auditory nerve | a composite sensory nerve supplying the hair cells of the vestibular organ and the hair cells of the cochlea | body part |
| zotch'qla | brain | the portion of the vertebrate central nervous system that is enclosed within the cranium, continuous with the spinal cord, and composed of gray matter and white matter (Marketa) | body part |
| zud | tooth | one of a set of hard, bonelike structures rooted in sockets in the jaws of vertebrates, typically composed of a core of soft pulp surrounded by a layer of hard dentin that is coated with cementum or enamel at the crown | body part |
| zud-nalatra | gingiva | the tissue (covered by mucous membrane) of the jaws that surrounds the bases of the teeth; the gums | body part |
| zud-razh | cavity | soft decayed area in a tooth; progressive decay can lead to the death of a tooth (tooth) | body part |
| zud-tukh | dentine | part of a tooth; bone (calcified tissue) surrounding the pulp cavity of a tooth; a calcareous material harder and denser than bone that comprises the bulk of a tooth | body part |
| zud-wadi | gums | the firm connective tissue covered by mucous membrane that envelops the alveolar arches of the jaw and surrounds the bases of the teeth | body part |
608 terms found.