| Vulcan | English | Description | Category |
|---|---|---|---|
| (kov-)tintaya | stratification | formation or deposition of layers, as of rock or sediments; a layered configuration | geology |
| (masutra-)glu-pasutra | submarine plateau | a plateau that is under the water's surface | geology |
| (masutra-)glu-spathel | ocean trench | a deep, linear, relatively narrow depression in the sea floor, formed by the subduction of oceanic plates | geology |
| (masutra-)glu-spathel | submarine canyon | a canyon that is under the water's surface | geology |
| (solek-)vihk | clod | a lump or chunk, especially of earth or clay; earth or soil | geology |
| (tvi-)zul | magma | the molten rock material under the earth's crust, from which igneous rock is formed by cooling | geology |
| abru'lik dvun-zehl | vertical fault | a dislocation caused by a slipping of rock masses along a plane of fracture; also, the dislocated structure resulting from such slipping | geology |
| abru-to'ovaya | stalagmite | a conical mineral deposit, usually calcite or aragonite, built up on the floor of a cavern, formed from the dripping of mineral-rich water | geology |
| abru-tvi-kovtra | upper mantle | the upper part of the mantle (the layer of the earth between the crust and the core) | geology |
| alem-kov | halite | a colorless or white mineral found in dried lakebeds in arid climates mined or gathered for use as table salt; rock salt | geology |
| alem-solek | saline soil | a nonalkali soil that contains enough soluble salts to interfere with the growth of most crop plants | geology |
| alemtra | sabkha | sabkha | geology |
| aukh | gypsum | a widespread colorless, white, or yellowish mineral used in the manufacture of plaster of Paris, various plaster products, and fertilizers (anc.) | geology |
| bahun'ahb | mother-of-pearl | an organic nacre used in making the ka'athyra (lyrette) | geology |
| bogosh-eiktra | karst plain | an area of irregular limestone in which erosion has produced fissures, sinkholes, underground streams, and caverns | geology |
| bureki | stone - volcanic | volcanic stone used for construction | geology |
| da | pebble | rock fragment between 4 and 64 millimeters (0.16 and 2.51 inches) in diameter, especially one that has been naturally rounded | geology |
| da-nel t'masu-tin | phreatic cycle | a cycle of or relating to ground water | geology |
| dahr-ek'tukh | secondary mineral | a mineral resulting from the decomposition of a primary mineral or from the precipitation of the products of decomposition of a primary mineral | geology |
| dan-pid-mashen | spring tide | the exceptionally high and low tides that occur at the time of the new moon or the full moon when the sun, moon, and earth are approximately aligned | geology |
| dan-pid-sfek | crest | the top line of a hill, mountain, or wave; the top point of a mountain or hill (geol.) | geology |
| desh-tukh | dolomite | brittle calcium carbonate, occuring abundantly in white to pale pink rhombohedral crystals | geology |
| desh-vom-tukh | dolomitic limestone | rock made of dolomite and resembling marble | geology |
| dvun-le-sumatra t'kunel-nen | piedmont glacier | a type of glaciation characteristic of Alaska; large valley glaciers meet to form an almost stagnant sheet of ice | geology |
| dvun-masu-torai | hydraulic action | the action of or involving, moved by, or operated by a fluid, especially water, under pressure | geology |
| dvun-zehl-shen | horst | a mass of the earth's crust that lies between two faults and is higher than the surrounding land | geology |
| dvun-zehl-treshaya | graben | a usually elongated depression between geologic faults | geology |
| eiktra | plain | an extensive, level, usually treeless area of land; a broad level expanse, as a part of the sea floor or a lunar mare | geology |
| eiktra-skrashaya | planation | the process of erosion and deposition in which a nearly level surface is produced, as by streams, wind, or ocean currents | geology |
| ek'esik ya'shakhuv | absolute age | a numerical age in calendar years, rarely able to be determined in rock art research or archaeology | geology |
| ek'kovtra-dvun | continental drift | the gradual movement and formation of continents (as described by plate tectonics) | geology |
| ek'kovtra-math | continental plate | a thick continental crust | geology |
| ek'tukh | mineral | a homogeneous inorganic solid substance having a definite chemical composition and characteristic crystalline structure, color, and hardness | geology |
| ek'tukh-titaya | placer | a glacial or alluvial deposit of sand or gravel containing eroded particles of valuable minerals | geology |
| eshikh-eiktra | playa | a nearly level area at the bottom of an undrained desert basin, sometimes temporarily covered with water | geology |
| eshikh-storaya | desertification | desertification; turning something into a desert | geology |
| eshu t'dah-khaf-tukh | copper ore | any rock containing commercial amounts of copper | geology |
| fal-masu-titaya | hydrothermal deposit | a mineral deposit formed by the precipitation of metallic ions from water ranging in temperature from 50º to 700ºC. | geology |
| falkrashaya | ablation | the erosive processes by which a glacier is reduced (geology) | geology |
| folu | turquoise | a blue to gray green mineral consisting of copper aluminum phosphate; blue turquoise is valued as a gemstone | geology |
| for'ma'ji | sand | a sedimentary material, finer than a granule and coarser than silt, with grains between 0.06 and 2.0 millimeters in diameter (Marketa) | geology |
| gahv | amethyst | a purple or violet form of transparent quartz used as a gemstone | geology |
| glu-gef-shal | sublittoral zone | the part of the shore from the lowest water level to the lower boundary of plant growth | geology |
| glu-masu-shal | benthic zone | the lower region of a body of water including the bottom | geology |
| glu-zul-koval | pluton | a body of igneous rock formed beneath the surface of the earth by consolidation of magma | geology |
| gosh-nefik ek'kovtra-sadvun-vul | continental slope | the steep descent of the seabed from the continental shelf to the abyssal zone | geology |
| grut | agate | an impure form of quartz consisting of banded chalcedony; used as a gemstone and for making mortars and pestles | geology |
| ha-guhsh | detritus | loose fragments or grains that have been worn away from rock; accumulated material; debris | geology |
| ha-guhsh-kov | organic rock | rock composed of predominantly organic rather than mineral material; such as sedimentary rock | geology |
| ha-solek | humus | a brown or black organic substance consisting of partially or wholly decayed vegetable or animal matter that provides nutrients for plants | geology |
| ha-solek-storaya | humification | the formation of humus | geology |
| haf-kunel | monadnock | a mountain or rocky mass that has resisted erosion and stands isolated in an essentially level area; also called inselberg | geology |
| hatan-solek | organic soil | soil composed of predominantly organic rather than mineral material; equivalent to Histosol | geology |
| hishid-kov | extrusive rock | outflows of igneous rock; outflows of lava hardened | geology |
| karf-kov | aggregate | the mineral materials, such as sand or stone, used in making concrete (noun) | geology |
| kastik-guhsh-kov | phytolith | a minute particle formed of mineral matter by a living plant and fossilized in rock | geology |
| khush-zul-kov | porphyry | rock containing relatively large conspicuous crystals, especially feldspar, in a fine-grained igneous matrix | geology |
| khushaya | crystallization | the formation of crystals; a rock formed by the solidification of a substance; has regularly repeating internal structure; external plane faces | geology |
| kin-tukh | gold | a soft yellow malleable ductile (trivalent and univalent) metallic element; occurs mainly as nuggets in rocks and alluvial deposits (noun) | geology |
| kitau-kov | slate | a fine-grained metamorphic rock that splits into thin, smooth-surfaced layers | geology |
| kitek | silt | a sedimentary material consisting of very fine particles intermediate in size between sand and clay | geology |
| kov | rock | generic term for a relatively hard, naturally formed mineral or petrified matter; stone | geology |
| kov | stone | concrete earthy or mineral matter; rock; such concreted matter of a particular type | geology |
| kov-dukal | nodule | a small rounded lump of a mineral or mixture of minerals, usually harder than the surrounding rock or sediment | geology |
| kov-ek'shal | lithosphere | the outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle, approximately 100 km (62 mi.) thick | geology |
| kov-guhsh | scree | loose rock debris covering a slope; a slope of loose rock debris at the base of a steep incline or cliff | geology |
| kov-kitaya | petroglyph | a carving or line drawing on rock, especially one made by prehistoric people | geology |
| kov-meil-tal | petrochemistry | the branch of geochemistry that deals with the chemical composition of rocks | geology |
| kov-razh | vug | a small cavity in a rock or vein, often with a mineral lining of different composition from that of the surrounding rock | geology |
| kov-storaya | petrogenesis | the branch of petrology that deals with the origin of rocks, especially igneous rocks | geology |
| kov-suk'fek | pinnacle | a tall pointed formation, such as a mountain peak | geology |
| kov-tal | petrology | the branch of geology that deals with the origin, composition, structure, and alteration of rocks | geology |
| kov-thalv | nappe | a large sheetlike body of rock that has been moved far from its original position | geology |
| kov-tin | stratum | a bed or layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout | geology |
| kov-tukh | stone | concrete earthy or mineral matter; rock; such concreted matter of a particular type | geology |
| kov-zehl | ridge | a long narrow chain of hills or mountains; a long narrow elevation on the ocean floor (geology) | geology |
| kovau | fossilize | to convert into a fossil; to make outmoded or inflexible with time; antiquate | geology |
| kovtaya | petrification | a process of fossilization in which dissolved minerals replace organic matter | geology |
| kovtra | plate | one of the sections of the earth's lithosphere, constantly moving in relation to the other sections (geological term) | geology |
| kovtra-ku-il | rift valley | a deep fracture or break, about 25–50 km (15–30 miles) wide, in the earth's crust, creating an elongated valley bounded by two or more faults | geology |
| kovtra-ne-dvun | subduction | a geologic process in which one edge of one crustal plate is forced below the edge of another | geology |
| kovtulik | petrified | to convert (wood or other organic matter) into a stony replica by petrifaction; | geology |
| krus-kov | gravel | an unconsolidated mixture of rock fragments or pebbles | geology |
| kunel-nen | piedmont | an area of land formed or lying at the foot of a mountain or mountain range | geology |
| kunel-storaya | orogeny | the process of mountain formation, especially by a folding and faulting of the earth's crust | geology |
| lan-tol | bed | a small plot of cultivated or planted land; the bottom of a body of water, such as a stream; a foundation of crushed rock or a similar substance for a road or railroad; a roadbed | geology |
| laralmin-razh | tar pit | an accumulation of natural tar or asphalt at the earth's surface, especially one that traps animals and preserves their bones (TGV) | geology |
| le-suma-ek'shal | cryosphere | the frozen part of the Earth's surface, including the polar ice caps, continental ice sheets, glaciers, sea ice, and permafrost | geology |
| le-suma-kunel | pingo | an Arctic mound or conical hill, consisting of an outer layer of soil covering a core of solid ice | geology |
| lerakhovau-solek-tin | pan | a basin or depression in the earth, often containing mud or water; a natural or artificial basin used to obtain salt by evaporating brine | geology |
| lerash-nol-tukh | graphite | a soft, steel-gray to black, hexagonally crystallized allotrope of carbon with a metallic luster and a greasy feel | geology |
| makrizhiv | loam | soil composed of a mixture of sand, clay, silt, and organic matter; | geology |
| markau-zul-kov | pumice | a light, porous, glassy lava, used in solid form as an abrasive and in powdered form as a polish and an abrasive | geology |
| mashen | tide | (an old contraction of masu-shen); the periodic rise and fall of the sea level under the gravitational pull of the moon; there are usually two high and two low tides each day | geology |
| mashen-eiktra | tidal flat | a nearly flat coastal area, alternately covered and exposed by the tides, and consisting of unconsolidated sediments | geology |
| mashen-pilash | tidal current | the water current caused by the tides | geology |
| masu-falek-tin | thermocline | a layer in a large body of water, such as a lake, that sharply separates regions differing in temperature, so that the temperature gradient across the layer is abrupt | geology |
| masu-kas-shal | wetland(s) | a lowland area, such as a marsh or swamp, that is saturated with moisture, especially when regarded as the natural habitat of wildlife | geology |
| masu-menal | palisade | a line of lofty steep cliffs, usually along a river | geology |
| masu-naf | strait | a narrow channel joining two larger bodies of water | geology |
| masu-tin | water table | the level below which the ground is completely saturated with water | geology |
| masu-torai-kov | hydroclastic rock | hydroclastic rock | geology |
| masutra-menal | sea cliff | cliffs that surround a sea | geology |
| masutra-pa'ash-kunel | tablemount | flat-topped seamount rising from ocean floor like a volcano but planed off on top and covered by appreciable water depth; guyot | geology |
| masutra-pa'ash-kunel | guyot | flat-topped seamount rising from ocean floor like a volcano but planed off on top and covered by appreciable water depth; tablemount | geology |
| masutra-tol | seafloor | the bottom of a sea or ocean | geology |
| mazhiv | sand | a sedimentary material, finer than a granule and coarser than silt, with grains between 0.06 and 2.0 millimeters in diameter (VLI) | geology |
| mazhiv-kov | sandstone | a sedimentary rock formed by the consolidation and compaction of sand and held together by a natural cement, such as silica | geology |
| mazhiv-tukh | silicon | a nonmetallic element occurring extensively in the earth's crust and used with other materials in glass, semiconducting devices, concrete, brick etc. | geology |
| mazhiv-zehl | sandbar | a ridge of sand formed in a river or along a shore by the action of waves or currents | geology |
| menal-guhsh(-tukh) | talus | a sloping mass of rock debris at the base of a cliff | geology |
| menal-guhsh-dvun | talus-creep | talus-creep | geology |
| mes-katrom | crosscurrent | a stretch of turbulent water in a river or the sea caused by one current flowing into or across another current | geology |
| na-yumaya | swash | a splash of water or other liquid hitting a solid surface; a narrow channel through which tides flow; a bar over which waves wash freely | geology |
| na-yumaya-zehl | swash mark | concentrated debris above the waterline and parallel to it, covered and uncovered by uprushing waters | geology |
| nala-zul-kov | scoria | porous cinderlike fragments of dark lava | geology |
| ne'rak-masu | phreatic water | ground water | geology |
| ne'rak-masu-tal | geohydrology | a science that deals with the character, source, and mode of occurrence of underground water | geology |
| ne'ti-kov | sedimentary rock | rock formed from consolidated clay sediments | geology |
| ne'ti-tukh | sediment | solid fragments of inorganic or organic material that come from the weathering of rock and are carried and deposited by wind, water, or ice | geology |
| ne-dvun-shal | subduction zone | subduction zones exist where an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate and sinks, below the latter plate, into the asthenosphere | geology |
| ne-flash | backswamp | the section of a floodplain where deposits of fine silts and clays settle after a flood; backswamps usually lie behind a stream's natural levees | geology |
| ne-to'ovaya | stalactite | an icicle-shaped mineral deposit, usually calcite or aragonite, hanging from the roof of a cavern, formed from the dripping of mineral-rich water | geology |
| ne-vul | syncline | a fold in rocks in which the rock layers dip inward from both sides toward the axis | geology |
| nef | terrace | a raised bank of earth having vertical or sloping sides and a flat top; a flat, narrow stretch of ground, often having a steep slope facing a river, lake, or sea | geology |
| nef t'kunel-nen | piedmont terrace | a level shelf of land interrupting a declivity (with steep slopes above and below) formed by a mountain | geology |
| neik-masu'es-kasik | xeric | of, characterized by, or adapted to an extremely dry habitat | geology |
| nen-eiktra | peneplain | a nearly flat land surface representing an advanced stage of erosion | geology |
| nen-eiktra-skrashaya | peneplanation | the act of creating a peneplain | geology |
| nen-kov | bedrock | the solid rock that underlies loose material, such as soil, sand, clay, or gravel (geology) | geology |
| nen-kov-guhsh | regolith | the layer of loose rock resting on bedrock, constituting the surface of most land; also called mantle rock | geology |
| nesh-shu-kov | pitchblende | a massive variety of the mineral uraninite | geology |
| nodahb | outcrop(ping) | a portion of bedrock or other stratum protruding through the soil level; to protrude above the soil, as rock formations | geology |
| pasutra | plateau | an elevated, comparatively level expanse of land; a tableland | geology |
| patam-zul-koval | laccolith | a mass of igneous rock intruded between layers of sedimentary rock, resulting in uplift | geology |
| pi'laptra | thicket | a dense growth of shrubs or underbrush; a copse; something suggestive of a dense growth of plants, as in impenetrability or thickness | geology |
| pid-kunel- | alpine | of, relating to, or characteristic of mountains or their inhabitants (adjective) | geology |
| pid-shalov | backshore | the area of the shore that is above the high-water mark except in very severe weather | geology |
| pilash | river | a large natural stream of water emptying into an ocean, lake, or other body of water and usually fed along its course by converging tributaries (anc.) | geology |
| pilash | stream | a flow of water in a channel or bed, as a brook, rivulet, or small river | geology |
| pla-khush | sapphire | a clear hard variety of corundum used as a gemstone that is usually blue but may be any color except red | geology |
| po-hutaya | aftershock | a quake of lesser magnitude, usually one of a series, following a large earthquake in the same area | geology |
| pral | wave | a ridge or swell moving through or along the surface of a large body of water; something that suggests the form and motion of a wave in the sea (noun) | geology |
| pral-foshek | breakwater | a barrier that protects a harbor or shore from the full impact of waves | geology |
| pral-shal | surf zone | the nearshore zone between the outermost breakers and the area of the wave uprush; also called breaker zone | geology |
| pseth-yar-eiktra | prairie | an extensive area of flat or rolling, predominantly treeless grassland, especially the large tract or plain of central North America | geology |
| psethtra | steppe | a vast semiarid grass-covered plain, as found in southeast Europe, Siberia, and central North America | geology |
| pul'es | magnitude | a measure of the amount of energy released by an earthquake, as indicated on the Richter Scale | geology |
| ragel-zehl t'kovtralar | plate boundary | area of geologic activity: an area on the margins of tectonic plates where seismic, volcanic, and tectonic activity takes place as a consequence of the relative motion of the plates | geology |
| ragel-zehl t'solek | soil horizon | a layer in a soil profile | geology |
| ri-solektra-hutaya | microseism | a faint earth tremor caused by natural phenomena, such as winds and strong ocean waves; a small earthquake | geology |
| rubah-vok | metamorphic rock | consists of minerals which were originally sedimentary rock or igneous rock and which have been chemically altered by heat and/or pressure | geology |
| s'udish-solektra-tal | astrogeology | study of rocks from space; the study of extraterrestrial rocks | geology |
| sa'awek-koval | inselberg | a mountain or rocky mass that has resisted erosion and stands isolated in an essentially level area; also called a monadnock | geology |
| sagefik ek'kovtra-sadvun-nef | continental shelf | a submerged border of a continent that slopes gradually and extends to a point of steeper descent to the ocean bottom | geology |
| salan-fleit-skonn | hammada | hammada | geology |
| salan-kov-zehl | yardang | a keel-shaped crest or ridge of rock, formed by the action of the wind, usually parallel to the prevailing wind direction | geology |
| salan-sal-titaya | loess (löss) | a buff to gray windblown deposit of fine-grained, calcareous silt or clay | geology |
| samek-laptra | taiga | a subarctic, evergreen coniferous forest found south of the tundra and dominated by firs and spruces | geology |
| sek | outlet | a stream that flows out of a lake or pond; the mouth of a river where it flows into a larger body of water | geology |
| selk | delta | a low triangular area where a river divides before entering a larger body of water (geol.) | geology |
| seshan-tukh | magnetite | the mineral form of black iron oxide, Fe3O4, that often occurs with magnesium, zinc, and manganese and is an important ore of iron | geology |
| seshupik flekh'es | magnetic anomaly | a departure from the normal magnetic field of the earth | geology |
| shal-zul-kov | sill | an approximately horizontal sheet of igneous rock intruded between older rock beds | geology |
| shek-tukh | iron | a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts | geology |
| shi'yon | volcano | an opening in the earth's crust through which molten lava, ash, and gases are ejected | geology |
| si-kov-shal | crust | crust of a planet; geological term | geology |
| skonn-solek | topsoil | the layer of soil on the surface | geology |
| sokasitau-solek-nosh | tilth | the state of aggregation of soil and its condition for supporting plant growth; arable land that is worked by plowing and sowing and raising crops | geology |
| solek | soil | the top layer of the earth's surface, consisting of rock and mineral particles mixed with organic matter | geology |
| solek-ek'tin | soil profile | a vertical section of soil from the ground surface to the parent rock | geology |
| solek-krus-ihn'es | particle density | the mass per unit volume of the soil particles; is usually expressed in grams per cubic centimetre; has been called grain density | geology |
| solek-sov | soil air | the air and other gases in spaces in the soil; specifically that which is found within the zone of aeration; also known as soil atmosphere | geology |
| solek-storaya | pedogenesis | the process of soil formation | geology |
| solek-tal | pedology | the scientific study of soils, including their origins, characteristics, and uses | geology |
| solek-velek | soil structure | mixture of the types of soil in a section of land - for example, sand, clay, loam or mineral particles | geology |
| solektra-dvun-tal | tectonics | the study of the earth's structural features; the art or science of construction, especially of large buildings | geology |
| solektra-meil-tal | geochemistry | the chemistry of the composition and alterations of the solid matter of the Earth or a celestial body | geology |
| solektra-tal | geology | the scientific study of the origin, history, and structure of the Earth or the solid matter of a celestial body | geology |
| solektra-tor-tal | geophysics | the physics of the earth and its environment, including the physics of fields such as meteorology, oceanography, and seismology | geology |
| sov-masupik | pluvial | marked or formed by abundant rainfall; an extended period of abundant rainfall, especially such a period of the Pleistocene Epoch | geology |
| soyash-yartra | basic grassland | basic grassland (no definition available) | geology |
| spathel | canyon | a narrow chasm with steep cliff walls, cut into the earth by running water; a gorge | geology |
| sposhan-vihk | volcanic bomb | a lump of lava ejected from a volcano that has acquired a characteristic form as a result of its solidification while traveling through the air | geology |
| sposhan-vitush | volcanic ash | pulverized particulate matter ejected by volcanic eruption | geology |
| sposhan-vitush-yumaya | pyroclastic flow | are an extremely fast moving body of super-heated gas, ash and rock which travels at over 100km/h; result of volcanic activity | geology |
| sposhan-wan | volcanic cloud | volcanic cloud | geology |
| suk'haf-kunel | unaka | unaka | geology |
| suk'kov | boulder | a large rounded mass of rock lying on the surface of the ground or embedded in the soil | geology |
| tanaf-kov | alabaster | a dense translucent, white or tinted fine-grained gypsum used for carving; a variety of hard calcite, translucent and sometimes banded | geology |
| tashuhl | feldspar | any of several crystalline materials made up of aluminum silicates with sodium, potassiu, or calcium | geology |
| teret-kov | conglomerate | a composite rock made up of particles of varying size | geology |
| thalv-velek | lamina | a narrow bed of rock | geology |
| thorshau-zul-kov | pyroclastic rock | rock that is composed of pyroclastic material (super-heated ash and rock) | geology |
| thorshau-zul-krus | pyroclast | composed chiefly of rock fragments of volcanic origin | geology |
| thorshau-zul-tukh | pyroclastic material | a moving body of super-heated gas, ash and rock from a volcanic eruption | geology |
| thorshau-zul-tukh | tephra | solid matter that is ejected into the air by an erupting volcano | geology |
| thorshau-zul-tukh | volcanic ejecta | matter ejected; material thrown out; as, the ejecta of a volcano; ejected matter, as that from an erupting volcano | geology |
| thrakh | gneiss | a banded or foliated metamorphic rock, usually of the same composition as granite (anc.) | geology |
| tin-kov | shale | a fissile rock composed of layers of claylike, fine-grained sediments | geology |
| tin-spoh | pinch-out | pinch-out | geology |
| tin-svi'shaya | hiatus | an opening; an aperture; a gap; a chasm | geology |
| torupik dvun-zehl | active fault | a fault line that experiences active seismic events (geology) | geology |
| tvi-kovtra | mantle | the layer of the earth between the crust and the core | geology |
| ulm-razh | tar pit | an accumulation of natural tar or asphalt at the earth's surface, especially one that traps animals and preserves their bones (MGV) | geology |
| ushek | basalt | the commonest type of solidified lava; a dense dark gray fine-grained igneous rock composed chiefly of calcium-rich plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene (anc.) | geology |
| van-tukh | ore | a mineral or an aggregate of minerals from which a valuable constituent, especially a metal, can be profitably mined or extracted | geology |
| vesht-ha-kov | fossil | a remnant/trace of an organism of a past geologic age, skeleton/leaf imprint, embedded and preserved in the earth's crust | geology |
| vesht-solek | paleosol | a soil horizon from the geologic past, usually buried beneath other rocks or recent soil horizons | geology |
| vesuhl | bitumen | any of various flammable mixtures of hydrocarbons and other substances, occurring naturally or obtained by distillation from coal or petroleum (anc.) | geology |
| vi-kwitau | intrude | to thrust (molten rock) into preexisting rock | geology |
| vi-kwitau-kov | xenolith | a rock fragment foreign to the igneous mass in which it occurs | geology |
| vi-kwitaya | intrusion | the forcing of molten rock into an earlier formation; the rock mass produced by an intrusive process | geology |
| vinam | inclusion | a solid, liquid, or gaseous foreign body enclosed in a mineral or rock | geology |
| viskulan | matrix | the solid matter in which a fossil or crystal is embedded; groundmass | geology |
| vitush-kov | tuff | a rock composed of compacted volcanic ash varying in size from fine sand to coarse gravel; also called tufa | geology |
| vom-tukh | limestone | a common sedimentary rock as a building stone and in the manufacture of lime, carbon dioxide, and cement | geology |
| vul-dvun-zehl | oblique-slip fault | a fault with components of relative displacement along both strike and dip. | geology |
| wan-tukh-van | bauxite | the principal ore of aluminum, composed mainly of hydrous aluminum oxides and aluminum hydroxides | geology |
| wuhr-ek'tukh | primary mineral | a mineral that has not been altered chemically since deposition and crystallization from molten lava | geology |
| yar-kov | jade | either nephrite and jadeite, that are generally pale green or white and are used mainly as gemstones or in carving. | geology |
| yar-tukh | copper ore | any rock containing commercial amounts of copper | geology |
| yartra | savannah | a flat grassland of tropical or subtropical regions | geology |
| yemek | tributary | a stream that flows into a larger stream or other body of water | geology |
| yon-ek'zer | ruby | a deep red, translucent variety of the mineral corundum, highly valued as a precious stone | geology |
| yukup-zul-kunel | dormant volcano | a volcano that is temporarily inactive | geology |
| yutik dvun-zehl | horizontal fault | a dislocation caused by a slipping of rock masses along a plane of facture; also, the dislocated structure resulting from such slipping | geology |
| zasuhl | granite | a common, coarse-grained, light-colored, hard igneous rock consisting chiefly of quartz, orthoclase or microcline, and mica | geology |
| zehl-ulidar | striation | one of a number of parallel lines or scratches on the surface of a rock that were inscribed by rock fragments embedded in the base of a glacier as it moved across the rock | geology |
| zer-hir | onyx | a chalcedony that occurs in bands of different colors and is used as a gemstone, especially in cameos and intaglios | geology |
| zul | lava | molten rock that reaches the earth's surface through a volcano or fissure; the rock formed by the cooling and solidifying of molten rock | geology |
| zul-kov | igneous rock | rock formed by the solidification of molten magma | geology |
| zul-kunel | volcano | a mountain formed by the materials ejected from a volcano | geology |
| zul-kunel-sposhan | volcanic eruption | the sudden occurrence of a violent discharge of steam and volcanic material | geology |
| zul-kunel-wan | nuée ardente | a highly heated mass of gas-charged lava ejected from vent or pocket more or less horizontally onto an outer slope, down which it moves swiftly | geology |
| zul-kunel-zehl | volcanic chain | a chain of volcanos | geology |
| zul-mazhiv | volcanic sand | extremely fine particles thrown from a volcanic eruption; may be black in colour | geology |
| zul-mev | dike | a long mass of igneous rock that cuts across the structure of adjacent rock (geol.) | geology |
| zul-razh | volcanic crater | a bowl-shaped opening at the top of a volcano | geology |
| zul-ru'lut | volcanic vent | the opening of a volcano in the earth's crust or near the crater's hole | geology |
| zul-storaya | pyrogenesis | materials born of a volcanic eruption | geology |
| zul-tvi-shal | magma chamber | a chamber that magma flows through | geology |
| zul-ur | lava tube | a natural, hollow tunnel beneath the surface of a solidified lava flow through which the lava flow was fed | geology |
| zul-vulaya-koval | phacolite | a colorless variety of chabazite | geology |
244 terms found.